@article {4038,
	title = {Gender (im)balance in the pool of graduate talent: the portuguese case},
	journal = {Tertiary Education and Management},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2022},
	month = {13/07/2022},
	pages = {155{\textendash}170},
	abstract = {<p>Doctoral education has grown substantially, resulting in a larger and diverse pool of graduates for research. Simultaneously, gender balance in research has become a growing concern, particularly in Europe. Based on the Portuguese case, this paper discusses whether the increase in the pool of graduate talent, considered to be comprised of doctoral graduates, has resulted in a gender balance across different disciplines. The analysis of the evolution of doctoral theses completed by men and women from 1970 to 2016 suggests that, while gender balance has been achieved in terms of participation in doctoral education, horizontal segregation in disciplines persists. A more gender-balanced pool of graduate talent for research across disciplines seems to require more action from Portuguese policymakers and universities, particularly in terms of the implementation of gender equality measures. This is also true for countries where gender equality in doctoral education is a challenge.</p>
},
	keywords = {Doctoral education, Gender balance, Horizontal segregation, Knowledge society, Pool of graduate talent, Portugal},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11233-022-09093-9},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11233-022-09093-9},
	author = {S{\'o}nia Cardoso and Teresa Carvalho and Maria Jo{\~a}o Rosa and Diana Soares}
}
@inbook {4007,
	title = {The Transformation of Universities in Response to the Imperatives of a Knowledge Society},
	booktitle = {Universities in the Knowledge Society: The Nexus of National Systems of Innovation and Higher Education},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {434},
	publisher = {Springer Cham},
	organization = {Springer Cham},
	edition = {T. Aarrevaara, M. Finkelstein, G. A. Jones, J. Jung},
	abstract = {<p>Industrialisation in the late nineteenth century gave birth to the modern Humboldtian university in the West that combined scientific research and teaching. Over the past two decades, the emergence of a new knowledge economy and society has given rise to a new model of the {\textquoteleft}entrepreneurial{\textquoteright} university that seeks to re-imagine it as both the economic engine of a new knowledge-based economy and the engine of a more progressive, equitable, and sustainable society. This chapter reviews the emerging literature on the knowledge society, the knowledge-based economy, and its impact on the mission of higher education and the nature and prospects of the academic profession. It sets the conceptual stage for the Academic Profession in the Knowledge-Based Society (APIKS) project that seeks to document the changing profiles, roles, careers, and prospects of the academic profession{\textemdash}the knowledge workers and innovators of the new order.</p>
},
	keywords = {Entrepreneurial university, Humboldtian, Knowledge economy, Knowledge society, Social engagement, Third mission},
	issn = {978-3-030-76578-1},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76579-8_2},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-76579-8_2},
	author = {Teresa Carvalho}
}
