@article {4046,
	title = {Academic{\textquoteright}s societal engagement in binary higher education systems. A study on the effects of higher education type on the performance of societal engagement in Finland, Germany and Portugal},
	journal = {Higher Education Policy},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2021},
	month = {15/01/2021},
	pages = {88-109},
	abstract = {<p>This article aims to investigate whether national differences in the institutionalization of the binary divide between universities and Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) lead to different outcomes in performing Academics{\textquoteright} Societal Engagement (ASE). Two institutional theory-based core differences of European binary higher education (HE) systems were used to select a theory-led purposeful sample: First, the sequence of UAS-institutionalization and ASE-policy emphasis and second the political drive for a practically oriented research drift. Based on the Finnish, German and Portuguese survey data provided by the cross-country study {\textquotedblleft}Academic Profession in Knowledge Society,{\textquotedblright} three dimensions of ASE are derived: techno-commercial ASE, dissemination ASE and training-related ASE. These ASE-dimensions cover the diversity of ASE across different disciplinary fields. Survey results of the Finnish sample show that all three ASE-dimensions are more strongly performed by UAS-academics than by university-academics. In Germany, robust stronger correlations of research (productivity) and all three ASE-dimensions for UAS-academics, compared to university-academics, were observed. In Portugal, convergence of ASE performed by UAS-academics and university-academics was indicated. Thus, core country-differences in the institutionalization of ASE in binary HE-systems are reflected in the results.</p>
},
	keywords = {academics{\textquoteright} societal engagement, convergence, knowledge and technology transfer, path dependency, universities, universities of applied sciences/polytechnics},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-020-00222-w},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41307-020-00222-w},
	author = {Nicolai G{\"o}tze and Teresa Carvalho and Timo Aarrevaara}
}
