@article {4046,
	title = {Academic{\textquoteright}s societal engagement in binary higher education systems. A study on the effects of higher education type on the performance of societal engagement in Finland, Germany and Portugal},
	journal = {Higher Education Policy},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2021},
	month = {15/01/2021},
	pages = {88-109},
	abstract = {<p>This article aims to investigate whether national differences in the institutionalization of the binary divide between universities and Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) lead to different outcomes in performing Academics{\textquoteright} Societal Engagement (ASE). Two institutional theory-based core differences of European binary higher education (HE) systems were used to select a theory-led purposeful sample: First, the sequence of UAS-institutionalization and ASE-policy emphasis and second the political drive for a practically oriented research drift. Based on the Finnish, German and Portuguese survey data provided by the cross-country study {\textquotedblleft}Academic Profession in Knowledge Society,{\textquotedblright} three dimensions of ASE are derived: techno-commercial ASE, dissemination ASE and training-related ASE. These ASE-dimensions cover the diversity of ASE across different disciplinary fields. Survey results of the Finnish sample show that all three ASE-dimensions are more strongly performed by UAS-academics than by university-academics. In Germany, robust stronger correlations of research (productivity) and all three ASE-dimensions for UAS-academics, compared to university-academics, were observed. In Portugal, convergence of ASE performed by UAS-academics and university-academics was indicated. Thus, core country-differences in the institutionalization of ASE in binary HE-systems are reflected in the results.</p>
},
	keywords = {academics{\textquoteright} societal engagement, convergence, knowledge and technology transfer, path dependency, universities, universities of applied sciences/polytechnics},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-020-00222-w},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41307-020-00222-w},
	author = {Nicolai G{\"o}tze and Teresa Carvalho and Timo Aarrevaara}
}
@article {4047,
	title = {Academics{\textquoteright} Societal Engagement in the Humanities and Social Sciences: A Generational Perspective from Argentina, Germany, Portugal, and Sweden},
	journal = {Higher Education Policy},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2021},
	month = {14/01/2021},
	pages = {42{\textendash}65},
	abstract = {<p>Political discourse and policy reforms worldwide have highlighted the importance of promoting the knowledge economy by stimulating academics{\textquoteright} societal engagement (ASE). Such narratives partly aim at influencing academics{\textquoteright} attitudes and behaviors. Earlier work that has investigated such influence has tended to overlook the development in humanities and social science, and focused on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. This paper contributes to filling this gap. Based on the assumption that academics{\textquoteright} views are, to a significant extent, shaped during their early years in academia, we investigate whether there are generational differences in attitudes to ASE. Four different higher education systems, including both Napoleonic and Humboldtian models, are investigated: Germany, Sweden, Portugal, and Argentina. Our analysis of the results of the international Academic Profession in the Knowledge Society survey reveals marked country-level differences in the way academics perceive the importance of ASE activities. Overall, there is no strong evidence that the current generation of HSS academics has very different attitudes to ASE than previous generations. We do, however, find indications that post-2006 academics are more likely to consider ASE activities from an instrumental perspective.</p>
},
	keywords = {academic generations, academics{\textquoteright} societal engagement, humanities, Knowledge economy, social sciences},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-020-00218-6},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41307-020-00218-6},
	author = {Christian Schneijderberg and Anders Brostr{\"o}m and Teresa Carvalho and Lars Geschwind and Monica Marquina and Lars M{\"u}ller and Nicolas Reznik}
}
