@inbook {3906,
	title = {From the medieval disputation to the graduate school},
	booktitle = {Structural and institutional transformations in doctoral education. Social, political and student expectations},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {143-172},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	organization = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	address = {London},
	author = {Alberto Amaral and Teresa Carvalho},
	editor = {S{\'o}nia Cardoso and Orlanda Tavares and Cristina Sin and Teresa Carvalho}
}
