@inbook {4006,
	title = {Institutionalised Resistance to Gender Equality Initiatives in Swedish and Portuguese Academia},
	booktitle = {Gender, Power and Higher Education in a Globalised World},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {226},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan, Cham},
	organization = {Palgrave Macmillan, Cham},
	edition = {P. O{\textquoteright}Connor, K. White},
	abstract = {<p>This chapter explores institutionalised resistance to gender equality initiatives reported by 15 gender equality change agents (GECAs) in Swedish and Portuguese Higher Education (HE). Drawing on qualitative interviews with the GECAs, the study highlights similarities within the two national HE contexts, but also contextual nuances and variations. Feminist institutionalism is used as a theoretical framework which facilitates an investigation of how resistance appears embedded in the structures and processes of HE. The analysis develops the conceptual categorisation of institutionalised resistance embedded in three separate types of institutional structures and processes: (1) legitimation, (2) decision making and (3) resource allocation. The GECAs in both contexts identified the decoupling mechanisms behind these structures and processes: formal institutional rules and policies characterised by gender equality, equal opportunity and meritocracy were compromised by informal practices and routines which preserved status quo. The {\textquotedblleft}mirage of equality{\textquotedblright} was therefore a reoccurring theme in both contexts.</p>
},
	issn = {978-3-030-69686-3},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69687-0_2},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-69687-0_2},
	author = {Helen Peterson and Teresa Carvalho and Birgitta Jordansson and Maria de Lourdes Machado-Taylor}
}
@inbook {4037,
	title = {O Ensino Superior em Portugal: o Impulso de Bolonha e os Desafios Presentes e Futuros},
	booktitle = {Ensino superior no Brasil e em Portugal: Atualidades, quest{\~o}es e inquieta{\c c}{\~o}es },
	year = {2019},
	pages = {45-69},
	publisher = {Educa },
	organization = {Educa },
	edition = {B. G. Cabrito, J. S. Macedo, L. Cerdeira},
	address = {Lisboa},
	issn = {978-989-8272-33-1},
	url = {https://bibliografia.bnportugal.gov.pt/bnp/bnp.exe/registo?1997823},
	author = {Maria Jos{\'e} S{\'a} and Maria de Lourdes Machado-Taylor and Teresa Carvalho}
}
@article {4080,
	title = {Perceptions and attitudes towards gender in academia: A comparative study from Portugal and Turkey},
	journal = {Educa{\c c}{\~a}o, Sociedade e Culturas},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Apr 2012},
	pages = {45{\textendash}66},
	chapter = {45},
	abstract = {<p>This paper examines the inequalities of women{\textquoteright}s position in senior management in higher education in Portugal and Turkey. It also examines the perceptions that rectors (vice-chancellors)/ vice-rectors have about gender inequalities in higher education institutions (HEI) and the potential attitudes they may have about institutional policies developed to eliminate these inequalities. A qualitative study was developed with 46 interviews conducted in both countries. The paper then explores senior managers{\textquoteright} perceptions about gender inequalities in top positions in academia and the link between these perceptions and their attitudes concerning decisions to promote gender equality for senior managers in Portugal and Turkey. It concludes that in spite of the persistence of different obstacles for women working towards top positions in both countries, senior managers perceive universities as gender neutral, denying the importance of institutional policies and practices to change the situation.</p>
},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312161218_Perceptions_and_attitudes_of_Senior_Managers_toward_gender_in_academia_A_comparative_study_from_Portugal_and_Turkey},
	author = {Teresa Carvalho and {\"O}zlem {\"O}zkanl{\i} and Maria de Lourdes Machado-Taylor}
}
